Êîìïüþòåðíûå íàóêè: Ïðîöåññîð. Áëîê öåëî÷èñëåííîé àðèôìåòèêè., Ðåôåðàò

                     Ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé êîìèòåò Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè

                                      ïî âûñøåìó îáðàçîâàíèþ

                   Êàçàíñêèé Ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé Òåõíè÷åñêèé Óíèâåðñèòåò

                                            èìåíè  À. Í. Òóïîëåâà

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                       Êàôåäðà ýëåêòðîííî-âû÷èñëèòåëüíûõ ìàøèí

             Ïîÿñíèòåëüíàÿ çàïèñêà

           ê êóðñîâîé ðàáîòå ïî äèñöèïëèíå

                   “Ïðîöåññîðû”

     Òåìà: Áëîê öåëî÷èñëåííîé àðèôìåòèêè.

       Ñòóäåíò:  Áàçóåâ Þ.À. , ãð. 4301

       Ðóêîâîäèòåëü: Áèêìóõàìåòîâ Ð.Ð.

                                                                   Îöåíêà______________________

                                                                   Äàòà çàùèòû__________________

                                                                   Ïîäïèñü ðóêîâîäèòåëÿ__________

                                                    Êàçàíü 1996

                                     Cîäåðæàíèå

1. Çàäàíèå................................................................................................3

2. Àëãîðèòì.............................................................................................4

   2.1. Àëãîðèòì óìíîæåíèÿ...................................................................4

   2.2. Àëãîðèòì äåëåíèÿ.........................................................................4

3. Îïåðàöèîííàÿ ñõåìà è ìèêðîïðîãðàììà âûïîëíåíèÿ îïåðàöèé......5

4. Ôóíêöèîíàëüíàÿ ñõåìà îïåðàöèîííîé ÷àñòè óñòðîéñòâà..................8

5. Ôóíêöèîíàëüíàÿ ñõåìà óïðàâëÿþùåé ÷àñòè....................................11

6. Ïðèíöèïèàëüíàÿ ñõåìà óïðàâëÿþùåé ÷àñòè....................................13

7. Òàáëèöà ìèêðîêîìàíä......................................................................15

8. Ëèòåðàòóðà........................................................................................16

                          2. Àëãîðèòì îïåðàöèé

                       2.1. Àëãîðèòì óìíîæåíèÿ

      Eäîï*Fäîï=Gäîï    

   Ïåðåä íà÷àëîì îïåðàöèè â  RG1=Fäîï  ;  RG2=0 ;  RG3=Eäîï

   Çíàêè ñîìíîæèòåëåé ó÷àñòâóþò â îïåðàöèè íàðàâíå ñ îñòàëüíûìè ðàçðÿäàìè, à ýòî çíà÷èò ÷òî Eäîï è Fäîï ïåðåìíîæàþòñÿ êàê îáû÷íûå (m+1) ðàçðÿäíûå öåëûå ÷èñëà áåç çíàêà. Ïðè ýòîì çíàê Åäîï ó÷àñòâóåò äëÿ òîãî ÷òîáû Ñ×Ï (ñóììà ÷àñòè÷íûõ ïðîèçâåäåíèé) â RG2 ôîðìèðîâàëàñü â äîï. êîäå. Çíàê Fäîï ó÷àñòâóåò äëÿ òîãî ÷òîáû ïðîèçâåäåíèå ôîðìèðîâàëîñü â äâîéíîì ôîðìàòå.

   Â êàæäîì èç (m+1) öèêëîâ óìíîæåíèÿ ïðîèçâîäÿòñÿ äåéñòâèÿ:

1)  Eäîï ïðèáàâëÿåòñÿ ê RG2 åñëè P4=1;

                             1 

2)   RG2, RG1, Tçí   ïðè ñäâèãå âïðàâî íåîáõîäèìî ñîõðàíÿòü ïðåäñòàâëåíèå Ñ×Ï â äîï. êîäå, à ýòî çíà÷èò ÷òî ñëåâà íóæíî ââîäèòü 0, åñëè ÷èñëî =>0 è   1, åñëè ÷èñëî < 0.

                        2.2. Àëãîðèòì äåëåíèÿ

     Gäîï/Eäîï=Fäîï    

   à) óñòàíàâëèâàåì íà÷àëüíûå çíà÷åíèÿ ðåãèñòðîâ è òðèããåðîâ

   á) ñäâèãàåì äåëèìîå íà 1 ðàçðÿä âëåâî

   â) àíàëèçèðóåì çíàêè Gi-1 è E. Åñëè îäèíàêîâû òî âû÷èòàåì E èç GR2.

Åñëè ðàçíûå òî + E ê RG2

   ã) àíàëèçèðóåì çíàêè Gi è E, åñëè îäèíàêîâûå òî öèôðà ÷àñòíîãî =1

   ä) àíàëèçèðóåì ÒÔ, åñëè ÒÔ=1 âûïîëíÿåì ïðîâåðêó íà ÏÐÑ 2-ãî ýòàïà

   å) óìåíüøàåì çíà÷åíèå ñ÷åò÷èêà öèêëîâ

   æ) åñëè ñ÷åò÷èê íå = 0 òî ïåðåõîäèì íà ïóíêò á)

   ç) ïåðåäàåì ÷àñòíîå â RG1

   è) êîððåêòèðóåì ÷àñòíîå

   ê) âûäàåì ÷àñòíîå íà âûõîäíóþ øèíó

3. Îïåðàöèîííàÿ ñõåìà è ìèêðîïðîãðàììà âûïîëíåíèÿ           

                               îïåðàöèé

    ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ àëãîðèòìîì ñòðîèì ÎÑ (ðèñ. 1) , îïðåäåëÿåì òðåáóåìûé íàáîð ÌÎ è ãðàô ÌÏ (ðèñ. 2) , ñ÷èòàÿ ÷òî â RG3 âûïîëíÿåòñÿ îäíîòàêòíûì ñïîñîáîì (ïî âõîäàì D òðèããåðîâ RG2) ïî ñèãíàëó ó4; â RG1 - äâóõòàêòíûì ñïîñîáîì (ïî âõîäàì R è S) ïî ñèãíàëàì ó6 è ó7.

    ÎÑ íà Ðèñ. 1 èñïîëüçîâàíû ñëåäóþùèå îáîçíà÷åíèÿ:

Òïï - òðèããåð ïåðåïîëíåíèÿ

Òïåð - òðèããåð ïåðåíîñà

Òçí1 - òðèããåð çíàêà ìíîæèìîãî, ôëàãîâûé òðèããåð ïðè äåëåíèè

Òçí2 - òðèããåð çíàêà Gi-1

Òçí3 - òðèããåð çíàêà äåëèìîãî

Õ(8:0) - âõîäíàÿ øèíà

Z(8:0) - âûõîäíàÿ øèíà

   Â ÌÏ íà Ðèñ. 2 ââåäåíû 15 îñâåäîìèòåëüíûõ ñèãíàëà:

Ð1 = RG3(8)                     Ð10 = Ð1 Å Ð3

Ð2 = a                              Ð11 = Ð3 Å Ð1

Ð3 = RG2(8)                     P12 = P6 Å Ð5

Ð9 = RG2(7) Å RG2(6)    P13 = P1 Tçí2 v P1 Tçí2

P4 = 1 (CT=0)                  P14 = Tïåð  

Ð5 = RG1(0)                     Ð15 = Òçí1

Ð6 = Ð1 Tçí2 v Tçí2 Ð1             

Ð7 = 1 (RG2(8:0)=0)

Ð8 = Òçí3

 a - âíåøíèé ñèãíàë îïðåäåëÿþùèé âèä îïåðàöèè

       ( 0 - óìíîæåíèå ;  1 - äåëåíèå )

à òàêæå 17 èìïóëüñíûõ óïðàâëÿþùèõ ñèãíàëîâ:

ó1: { RG2=RG2(8:0).RG1(8);            ó10: Òïï=1

     RG1=RG1(7:0).0 }                       ó11: RG2=RG1

y2: RG2=RG2+RG3+1                       y12: RG2=RG2+1 

y3: RG2=RG2+RG3                           y13: Z=RG2

y4: RG3=X                                        y14: { RG1=RG2(0).RG1(8:1);

y5: { RG2=X ; Tçí1=1 }                              Tçí1=RG1(0) }

y6: { RG1=X;  Tçí3=P3;  Tïï=0;      y15: RG2=0.RG2(8:1)

       ÑÒ=9;  Òïåð=0; }                      y16: RG2=1.RG2(8:1)

y7: RG1(0)=1                                     y17: RG2=0

y8: Òçí1=0

ó9: ÑÒ=ÑÒ-1

     Z(8:0)


              ó13                                                                                              Ð15  

                                                                                                   Ð5                                                                                                           

                                        

                    çí                             RG1                1          1                      Òçí1

                    8    7                                                                         0

                                         ó6                                 ó1     ó14        ó7


     Ð2

                   Ð3                               ó18  

                                                        

   Òçí2        çí                                                       1         1               

                    8    7     6                     RG2                                     0


                   ó16         ó5                                         ó1    ó15 ,ó16

       

        Ð14   


   Òïåð        çí                               KSM                                                 ó2 , ó12

                    8    7                                                                         0

                   P1                               ó3             ó2


                   çí                               

                    8    7                           RG3                                       0


                                               ó4


                                           Õ(8:0)

                             

         Ð4               ÏÐÑ            Ð8


        ÑÒ               Òïï            Òçí3   

                

                                                    Ðèñ. 1. 

                                                                     íà÷àëî


                                                                                   2  

                                                                          a

                                                                  0               1                                  5  

                          y6                                                                                         6

                                                                                                                

                          y17                                                                           1    9

                                                                                                                  0  

                                                                                                                      

                     0                                                                                  2    11                     3      

                            P5                                                                                

                               1                                                                          1  10   

                            y3                                                                                       7

                                                                                                                  

                                    0                          0                                             15     0 

                            P3                     P14                                                    1

                                 1                         1                                            1   12

                                     0                                                                                8

                            P1                                                                                       9

                                                                                                                 

                           1                                                                             0    4

                   y16, y14, y9                       y15, y14, y9                                 3      

                                                                                                              1

                                                                                               3               1    1          2 

                     0                                                                                                         

                           P4                                                                                 7     0

                                  1                                                                                               8

                     0                                                                                                              1

                           P15                                                                                  2              1               3

                               1                                                                              

                           y2                                                                                        13

                                                                                                                       11

                                                                                                                8    1          13

                          y13                                                                                                     1             

                                                                                                           0   1                                                                                                                      

                                                                                                                       12

                           y11

                                                                                                          0     8

                                                                                                                      

                                                                                                          0 

                                                                                                          0    3     

                                                                                                                  1 

                                                                                                                       10

                          ó13


                                                                    êîíåö

                                                               Ðèñ. 2.

             4. Ôóíêöèîíàëüíàÿ ñõåìà îïåðàöèîííîé ÷àñòè               

                                      óñòðîéñòâà

   Íà Ðèñ. 3. ïðåäñòàâëåíà ôóíêöèîíàëüíàÿ ñõåìà îïåðàöèîííîé ÷àñòè (Î×) íà ðåãèñòðàõ è ìóëüòèïëåêñîðàõ.  ñõåìó èç Ó× ïîäàþòñÿ 15 èìïóëüñíûõ óïðàâëÿþùèõ ñèãíàëîâ ñ äëèòåëüíîñòüþ, ðàâíîé 50 íñ, ïðè÷åì ÷àñòü óïðàâëÿþùèõ ñèãíàëîâ ( ó2 , ó3 , ó12 ) ïîäàþòñÿ íà âõîäû ñèíõðîíèçàöèè ðåãèñòðîâ è îäíîâðåìåííî ó÷àñòâóþò â ôîðìèðîâàíèè ñèãíàëîâ íà èíôîðìàöèîííûõ âõîäàõ òðèããåðîâ ñ ïîìîùüþ ðàçëè÷íûõ êîìáèíàöèîííûõ ñõåì. Ñëåäîâàòåëüíî, âî-ïåðâûõ, åñëè âðåìÿ çàäåðæêè óïîìÿíóòûõ êîìáèíàöèîííûõ ñõåì ïðåâûøàåò çíà÷åíèå 50 íñ, òî ñõåìîé ïîëüçîâàòüñÿ íåëüçÿ, òàê êàê ê ìîìåíòó ïåðåêëþ÷åíèÿ òðèããåðîâ ñèãíàëû íà èõ èíôîðìàöèîííûõ âõîäàõ íå óñïåþò ñôîðìèðîâàòüñÿ. Íàïðèìåð, ñèãíàë ó3 äîëæåí èìåòü äëèòåëüíîñòü, äîñòàòî÷íóþ äëÿ òîãî, ÷òîáû óñïåëè ñðàáîòàòü ýëåìåíòû 2,3 è4 ñòóïåíåé ñõåìû, èíà÷å â ìîìåíò îêîí÷àíèÿ ó4 â RG2 çàôèêñèðóåòñÿ íåïðàâèëüíûé ðåçóëüòàò. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, â äàííîé ñõåìå äëèòåëüíîñòü ñèãíàëîâ ÌÎ äîëæíà îïðåäåëÿòüñÿ ïî âðåìåíè âûïîëíåíèÿ ñàìîé äëèòåëüíîé ÌÎ, êîòîðîå ïðè çàäàííîé ýëåìåíòíîé áàçå ïðåâûøàåò çàäàííîå çíà÷åíèå.

   Âî-âòîðûõ, òàê êàê ñèãíàëû íà âõîäàõ “Ñ” è “D” òðèããåðîâ RG2 ïðè âûïîëíåíèè ó2 , ó3 è ó12 îêàí÷èâàþòñÿ îäíîâðåìåííî (áåç ó÷åòà çàäåðæåê ñèãíàëîâ â êîìáèíàöèîííûõ ñõåìàõ), òî òðèããåðû ìîãóò íå ïåðåêëþ÷èòüñÿ òðåáóåìûì îáðàçîì èç-çà âîçìîæíîé “èãðû ôðîíòîâ” íà âõîäàõ “Ñ” è “D”.

   Äëÿ ðåøåíèÿ óêàçàííûõ ïðîáëåì ñ öåëüþ ïîâûøåíèÿ áûñòðîäåéñòâèÿ è íàäåæíîñòè ñõåìû ðàçîáüåì âñå ÌÎ íà 2 ãðóïïû.

    ïåðâóþ ãðóïïó âûäåëèì ÌÎ ó2 , ó3 è ó12 , ñâÿçàííûå íå òîëüêî ñ ïåðåêëþ÷åíèåì òðèããåðîâ ïî âõîäàì ñèíõðîíèçàöèè, íî è ñ ôîðìèðîâàíèåì ñèãíàëîâ íà èíôîðìàöèîííûõ âõîäàõ ýòèõ òðèããåðîâ.

   Âî âòîðóþ âñå îñòàëüíûå ÌÎ, äëÿ âûïîëíåíèÿ êîòîðûõ äîñòàòî÷íû èìïóëüñíûå óïðàâëÿþùèå ñèãíàëû ñ äëèòåëüíîñòüþ ðàâíîé 50 íñ. Êàê ïðàâèëî, â ýòó ãðóïïó âõîäÿò äåéñòâèÿ, ñâÿçàííûå ñ ïåðåêëþ÷åíèåì òðèããåðîâ ïî àñèíõðîííûì âõîäàì, ëèáî ïî âõîäàì ñèíõðîíèçàöèè, åñëè ñèãíàëû íà èíôîðìàöèîííûõ âõîäàõ òðèããåðîâ ïðè ýòîì íå ìåíÿþòñÿ.

   Äëÿ âûïîëíåíèÿ ÌÎ 1-îé ãðóïïû íåîáõîäèìû äîïîëíèòåëüíûå ïîòåíöèàëüíûå óïðàâëÿþùèå ñèãíàëû (ñèãíàëû ñ äëèòåëüíîñòüþ, íå ìåíüøåé òàêòà Ò) , íàçûâàåìûå ìèêðîïðèêàçàìè. Òîãäà èìïóëüñíûå óïðàâëÿþùèå ñèãíàëû ïîäàþòñÿ ëèøü íà âõîäû ñèíõðîíèçàöèè òðèããåðîâ, à ôîðìèðîâàíèå ñèãíàëîâ íà èíôîðìàöèîííûõ âõîäàõ ýòèõ òðèããåðîâ îñóùåñòâëÿåòñÿ ñ ïîìîùüþ ìèêðîïðèêàçîâ, êîòîðûå äîëæíû ïîñòóïàòü â ñõåìó ðàíåå è çàêàí÷èâàòüñÿ ïîçäíåå ñèãíàëîâ íà âõîäàõ ñèíõðîíèçàöèè òðèããåðîâ.

    óïðàâëÿþùåé ÷àñòè ñ ïðîãðàììèðóåìîé ëîãèêîé ìèêðîïðèêàçû ôîðìèðóþòñÿ ñ ïîìîùüþ ðàçðÿäîâ îïåðàöèîííîãî ïîëÿ ìèêðîêîìàíû, ñ÷èòûâàåìîé èç óïðàâëÿþùåé ïàìÿòè. Îáîçíà÷èì ýòè ðàçðÿäû è ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèå èì ìèêðîïðèêàçû ÷åðåç ÌÊ(j) , ãäå j = 0 , 1 , 2 , ...

   Åñëè èñïîëüçîâàòü òðè ìèêðîïðèêàçà, òî ñõåìà Ðèñ.3. ïðåîáðàçóåòñÿ ê âèäó, ïðåäñòàâëåííîìó íà Ðèñ.4 (áåç öåïåé çàïèñè ñî âõîäíîé øèíû, áåç òðèããåðîâ Òïï , Òçí3  , ñ÷åò÷èêà öèêëîâ è öåïè âûäà÷è íà âûõîäíóþ øèíó). Çäåñü: âî-ïåðâûõ, îòñóòñòâóåò òðèããåð ïåðåíîñà, òàê êàê ïðè èñïîëüçîâàíèè ìèêðîïðèêàçîâ ñèãíàë ïåðåíîñà íà âûõîäå KSM  ñòàíîâèòñÿ ïîòåíöèàëüíûì, è íåîáõîäèìîñòü â åãî çàïîìèíàíèè îòïàäàåò.

   Âî-âòîðûõ, ñèãíàëû ó15 , ó16 , ó5 ïîñòóïàþùèå íà îäèí è òîò æå âõîä ñäâèãà âïðàâî RG2 , çàìåíåí îäíèì ñèãíàëîì ó5 .

   Ñ öåëüþ óïðîùåíèÿ Î× óñòðîéñòâà çàìåíèì 2, 3 ñòóïåíè ñõåìû íà Ðèñ. 4. àðèôìåòèêî-ëîãè÷åñêèì óñòðîéñòâîì (ÀËÓ). Òîãäà êîëè÷åñòâî ìèêðîïðèêàçîâ óâåëè÷èòñÿ äî 5.

   Ôóíêöèîíàëüíàÿ ñõåìà Î× óñòðîéñòâà, â êîòîðîé ïðèìåíÿåòñÿ ÀËÓ, ïðåäñòàâëåíà íà Ðèñ. 5. Çäåñü ÀËÓ èñïîëüçóåòñÿ äëÿ âûïîëíåíèÿ òðåõ äåéñòâèé, îïðåäåëÿåìûõ òàáëèöåé 1.

                                    Òàáëèöà 1.    

S3 S2 S1 S0 F`
0 0 0 0 A` + C0
0 0 0 1 A` + B` + C0
0 1 1 0 A` - B` - C0

    òàáëèöå À` è B` - çíà÷åíèÿ îïåðàíäîâ, ïîñòóïàþùèõ â ÀËÓ,  F` - çíà÷åíèå ðåçóëüòàòà, ôîðìèðóåìîãî íà âõîäàõ ÀËÓ; Ñ0 - çíà÷åíèå ñèãíàëà íà âõîäå ïåðåíîñà ìëàäøåãî ðàçðÿäà ÀËÓ.

   Â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ òàáëèöåé 1 â ñõåìå Ðèñ 5. èñïîëüçîâàíû ïÿòü ìèêðîïðèêàçîâ: ÌÊ(0) - S0 , MK(1) - S1 , MK (2) - S2 , MK(3) - C0 , MK(4) - âõîä äàííûõ âäâèãàåìûõ ïðè ñäâèãå âïðàâî íà RG2.

   Ðàáîòà ñõåìû îïðåäåëÿåòñÿ ÌÏ, ïðåäñòàâëåííîé íà Ðèñ. 6. Ñïèñîê èñïîëüçóåìûõ èìïóëüñíûõ ñèãíàëîâ:

ó1: { <RG2=\/  ;                                 ó10: Òïï=1

        <RG1=\/  ; C Òçí2=/\   }            ó11: RG2=0

y2:  Ñ RG2=\/                                     y12: Z=RG2 

y3: { >RG2=\/  ;  >RG1=\/  }

y4: RG3=X

y5:  RG2=RG1;

y6: { RG1=X;  Tçí3=P3;  Tïï=0;

        Òçí1=1; ÑÒ=9; }

y7: RG1(0)=1

y8: Òçí1=0

ó9: ÑÒ=ÑÒ-1

         9


   X(8 : 0)

 


                 RG3                           MS                   KSM                      0    MS                   D   RG2                          D   RG1

            D                              0                                                          1                                 < > 0                               < > 0

                                                                                                         2                           D<       1                          D<       1

                                             1                                                          3                  y16    D>                                   D>

                                                                                                                             y17    R         8                  y7    S0        8

                                             A                                                                                       C                            y6     C

                                                                                                        A0                          >                           y14    >

   y4     C                              C                               Ï9           y5        A1                 y1     <                             y1    <


                                                   1                    

                                          y5


y3        1                                                             D  Tïåð                ó15                          D   Tçí2                           D  Tçí1      

y2                                                                       C              Ð14      ó16     1                                    Ð2                                     

                                                                 ó6      R                            ó5                  ó1     Ñ                         ó14      Ñ

            1                                                         

y12                                  

                                            1                                                                                                                               

                                                                                                                                                                                           

                               y11                                                                                                                               y13     E               

                                                                                                                                                                                   <9>

            0     ST

            1                      1          P4                                                                                                                          1

            2                                                                                                                                                                           P7

            3                                                    y6      R   Òïï        ÏÐÑ        P3      D  Tçí3        P8                   ...   

   y6     ÅI                                                                                                                

   y9     -1                                                 y10      S                                  y6      Ñ 

                                                     Ðèñ. 3.

       ÌÊ(2)

          

 


                 RG3                           MS                   KSM                      0    MS                   D   RG2                          D   RG1

            D                              0                                                          1                                 < > 0                               < > 0

                                                                                                         2                           D<       1                          D<       1

                                             1                                                          3            ÌÊ(3)     D>                                   D>

                                                                                                                             y17    R         8                  y7    S0        8

                                             A                                                                             Ó2      C                           y6     C

                                                                                                        A0                 Ó5     >                            y5     >

   y4     C                              C                               Ï9           y5        A1                 y1     <                             y1    <


                                                                              Ð14

    ÌÊ(0)                                         


                                                                                                                                      D   Tçí2                           D  Tçí1      

     ÌÊ(1)                                                           1                                                                             Ð2                                     

                                                                                                                              ó1     Ñ                            ó5     Ñ

                                                              ó5

                                                     Ðèñ. 4.


      

           

 


                             RG3                          S3   ÀËÓ                            0    MS                   D   RG2                          D   RG1

                       D                     MK(2)     S2               F                      1                                 < > 0                               < > 0

                                               MK(1)     S1                                       2                           D<       1                          D<       1

                                               MK(0)     S0                                       3            ÌÊ(4)     D>                                   D>

                                                              A`                      P14                               y11    R         8                  y7    S0        8

                                                              B`               C9                                        Ó2      C                           y6     C

                                               MK(3)    C0                                      A0                 Ó3     >                            y3     >

               y4     C                                    M                            y3       A1                 y1     <                             y1     <


                                                                             

                                                                        y5        1

                                                                        y3

                                                                                                                 D   Tçí2                                               D  Tçí1      

                                                                                                                                   Ð2                                     

                                                                                                         ó1     Ñ                                                 ó3     Ñ

                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            

                                                                                                                                                  1           D    T

                                                                                                                                         y3                

                                                                                                                                         y1       1          C                                                                                                      

                                              

                                                              Ðèñ. 5.

          5. Ôóíêöèîíàëüíàÿ ñõåìà óïðàâëÿþùåé ÷àñòè

   Ôóíêöèîíàëüíàÿ ñõåìà Ó× óñòðîéñòâà ïðåäñòàâëåíà íà Ðèñ. 8 è âêëþ÷àåò ñëåäóþùèå îñíîâíûå ÷àñòè: òðèããåð çàïóñêà (Òçàï), óïðàâëÿþùóþ ïàìÿòü (ÓÏ), ðåãèñòð àäðåñà ÌÊ (RGAMK), ñõåìó ôîðìèðîâàíèÿ óïðàâëÿþùèõ ñèãíàëîâ ÌÎ ó1 - ó12 , îñíîâó êîòîðîé ñîñòàâëÿåò äåøèôðàòîð ÌÊ (DCMK), ìóëüòèïëåêñîð ëîãè÷åñêèõ óñëîâèé (MS) è òðèããåð îøèáêè (Òîø), êîòîðûé óñòàíàâëèâàåòñÿ â 1 ïðè îáíàðóæåíèè îøèáêè â ÌÊ, ñ÷èòûâàåìîé èç ÓÏ.

         Èñõîäÿ èç êîëè÷åñòâà âåðøèí â ãðàôå ÌÏ íà Ðèñ. 6 è åå ñëîæíîñòè, îïðåäåëèì îðèåíòèðîâî÷íî êîëè÷åñòâî ÿ÷ååê â ÓÏ, ðàâíûì 3 ñåãìåíòàì ïî 16 ÿ÷ååê â êàæäîì. Ôîðìàò ÌÊ, çàïèñûâàåìîé â ÿ÷åéêå ÓÏ, ïðèâåäåí íà Ðèñ. 7.


                   MK                       Y                              XvSíîâ              A`       B  


            0    1   2    3    4  Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 W  P                                                   ê.ð

                              Ðèñ. 7

   Çäåñü ñòàðøèå 9 ðàçðÿäîâ îáðàçóþò îïåðàöèîííîå ïîëå ÌÊ. Â ïåðâûõ 5 ðàçðÿäàõ êîäèðóþòñÿ ãîðèçîíòàëüíûì ñïîñîáîì ìèêðîïðèêàçû ÌÊ(0 - 4),

                                                                     íà÷àëî


                                                                                   4  

                                                                          a

                                                                  0               1                                  2  

                          y6                                                                                         6

                                                                                                                

                          y11                                                                           1    9

                                                                                                                  0  

                                                                                                                      

                     0                                                    ÌÊ(1,2),2                   11                     ÌÊ(0),2

                            P5                                                                                

                               1                                                                          1  10   

                      ÌÊ(0),ó2                                                                                  7

                                                                                                                  

                                    0                          0                                             15     0 

                            P3                     P14                                                    1

                                 1                         1                                            1   12

                                     0                                                                                8

                            P1                                                                                       9

                                                                                                                  

                           1                                                                             0    4

                 ÌÊ(4), y3, y9                          y3,  y9                                      3      

                                                                                                              1

                                                                                  ÌÊ(0),2                1                 ÌÊ(1,2),2                          

                     0                                                                                                         

                           P4                                                                                 7     0

                                  1                                                                                               8

                     0                                                                                                              1

                           P15                                                                    ÌÊ(1,2),2              1   ÌÊ(0),2   

                               1                                                                              

                    ÌÊ(1,2), ó2                                                                               12

                                                                                                                       5,2

                                                                                                                8    1          13

                          y12                                                                                                     1             

                                                                                                           0   1                                                                                                                      

                                                                                                                       ÌÊ(3),2

                         ó2,  ó5

                                                                                                          0     8

                                                                                                                  1   

                                                                                                          0    1

                                                                                                                  1     

                                                                                                          0    3 

                                                                                                                  1     

                          ó12                                                                                       10


                                                                    êîíåö

                                                    Ðèñ. 6.

â ñëåäóþùèõ 4-õ ðàçðÿäàõ ( Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4) êîäèðóþòñÿ âåðòèêàëüíûì ñïîñîáîì ÌÎ.  íèõ ôèêñèðóåòñÿ íîìåð ñîâîêóïíîñòè èìïóëüñíûõ óïðàâëÿþùèõ ñèãíàëîâ ÌÎ, âõîäÿùèõ â äàííóþ ÌÊ.  ÌÏ íà Ðèñ. 6 âõîäÿò  12 òàêèõ ñîâîêóïíîñòåé ñèãíàëîâ. Îáîçíà÷èì èõ êàê: Y1=y2 , Y2=y6 , Y3=y1 , ­Y4=y7 , Y5=y8 , Y6=y9 , Y7={y5 , y2} , Y8=y10 , Y9=y12 , Y10=y4 , Y11=y11 , Y12={y3 , y9}.

   Àäðåñíîå ïîëå ÌÊ âêëþ÷àåò 4-õ ðàçðÿäíîå ïîëå Õ, â êîòîðîì ôèêñèðóåòñÿ íîìåð ëîãè÷åñêîãî óñëîâèÿ Ði (i=1-15), è 4-õ çíà÷íîå ïîëå àäðåñà ÌÊ À=À` ãäå  - ìëàäøèé ðàçðÿä àäðåñà.

   Ïðè ôîðìèðîâàíèè àäðåñà ñëåäóþùåé ÌÊ çíà÷åíèå ïðîâåðÿåìîãî óñëîâèÿ Ði ïîäñòàâëÿåòñÿ â ìëàäøèé ðàçðÿä àäðåñà À.

  Òàêæå åñòü ðàçðÿä W ïî êîòîðîìó ïðîèçâîäèòñÿ îñòàíîâ ÌÏ, è ðàçðÿä ìåæñåãìåíòíîãî ïåðåõîäà Ð, ïðè åäèíè÷íîì çíà÷åíèè êîòîðîãî ïðîèçâîäèòñÿ ìåæñåãìåíòíûé ïåðåõîä, àäðåñ íîâîãî ñåãìåíòà áåðåòñÿ â ïîëå Õ.

   Ïîñëåäíèé ðàçðÿä â ÌÊ ÿâëÿåòñÿ êîíòðîëüíûì ðàçðÿäîì ïðîâåðêè íà ÷åòíîñòü.

    öåëîì ñõåìà íà Ðèñ. 8 ðàáîòàåò ñëåäóþùèì îáðàçîì. Ïî ñèãíàëó “Çàïóñê” â RGAMK ôèêñèðóåòñÿ íà÷àëüíûé àäðåñ = 0. Ïðè ýòîì íà âûõîäàõ ÓÏ ñ çàäåðæêîé, ðàâíîé âðåìåíè ÷òåíèÿ èíôîðìàöèè èç ÓÏ, ôîðìèðóþòñÿ ðàçðÿäû ÌÊ, çàïèñàííîé ïî äàííîìó àäðåñó.

   Îäíîâðåìåííî ïî ñèãíàëó “Çàïóñê” Òçàï óñòàíàâëèâàåòñÿ â 1, è â ñõåìó Ó× íà÷èíàþò öèêëè÷åñêè ïîñòóïàòü ñèãíàëû z1 , z2. Ïî ñèãíàëó z1 â Î×  ïîñòóïàþò èìïóëüñíûå óïðàâëÿþùèå ñèãíàëû , ïî z2 â ðåãèñòð RGAMK çàïèñûâàåòñÿ àäðåñ ñëåäóþùåé ÿ÷åéêè ïàìÿòè.

        6. Ïðèíöèïèàëüíàÿ ñõåìà óïðàâëÿþùåé ÷àñòè

   Ïðèíöèïèàëüíàÿ ñõåìà ïîñòðîåíà íà îñíîâå îáùåé øèíû â êîòîðóþ ââîäÿòñÿ âñå âõîäíûå è âûõîäíûå ñèãíàëû.

   Òðèããåðû Òçàï , Òîø è Ò ðåàëèçîâàíû íà ìèêðîñõåìå ÒÂ9, RGAMK è GRSEG íà ìèêðîñõåìàõ ÒÌ8, MS - íà ÊÏ1, ñõåìà Ì2 íà 2-õ ýëåìåíòàõ ÈÏ5 è ìèêðîñõåìå ËÏ5, ñõåìà ôîðìèðîâàíèÿ èìïóëüñíûõ ñèãíàëîâ íà äåøèôðàòîðå ÈÄ3, ÓÏ - íà ïÿòè ýëåìåíòàõ ÏÇÓ ÐÒ4.  


     îø                                                 îøèáêà                             0     RG

       Ñ        &                      S    Òîø                                            1    SEG    0                                        ê.ð.                   ___

                                                                             Р                                   1                                                       Ì2     ÎØ

                                          R                                          &          C

                                                                                                  

                                                                                                  R                                                                                  ÎØ

                                                                                                                               A           ÓÏ           ...

çàïóñê                                                                                         0    RG     0

                  1                      J     Tçàï                                            1   AMK  1

                               Ñ        C                                            À``      2               2

                           îñòàí      K                                                       3              3

ñáðîñ                                                                                          C

                                          R                                                     

                                                                                                   R  


                                                                                                                              

                                                                                                                              0      MS                    &   1

                                                                                                                     Ð1     1

                     R                                          Z2                                A``         ...    

                             T                          &                                                      Ð15      15                             &  

                     D     

                                                                                                                              A 

        &          C                                  &    

C                                                               Z1                               Ð

                                                                                                     îñòàí

                                                                                                                              0                0                                        ó1 

                        ___                                                                                                2      DC    1                ñõåìà               ó2

                        ÎØ                                                                                               4      MK           ...       ôîðìèð.     ...

                                                                                                                              8                                 ó1 - ó12

                                                                                                      MK(4)                               15                                    ó12 

                                                                                                      MK(3)

                                                                                                      MK(2)              C

                                                                                                      MK(1)

                                                                                                      MK(0)   

                                                                                         

                                               Ðèñ. 8.

                   7. Òàáëèöà ìèêðîêîìàíä

àäðåñ

ÿ÷åéêè

ÌÊ

 

    Q

WP XvS A` B

Ïðèìå÷

    ÌÊ

ËÓ
00 0000 00000 1010 00 0010 0010 ó4 Ð2
0001 00000 0000 00 1111 1100 Ð15
0010 00000 0010 00 0000 0100 ó6
0011 00000 0001 00 0000 1111 ó2
0100 00000 1010 00 0101 0110 ó11 Ð5
0101 00000 0111 00 0000 1110 ó2, ó5
0110 00000 0000 00 0011 1000 Ð3
0111 10000 0001 00 0011 1000 ÌÊ(0), ó2 Ð3
1000 00000 0000 00 1110 1010 Ð14
1001 00000 0000 00 0001 1010 Ð1
1010 00000 1100 00 0100 0000 ó3, ó9 Ð4
1011 00001 1100 00 0100 0000 ÌÊ(4),ó3,ó9 Ð4
1100 00000 1001 00 0000 0101 ó12
1101 01100 0001 00 0000 1100 ÌÊ(1,2), ó2
1110 00000 1001 10 0000 0000 ó12 îñòàíîâ
1111 00000 0010 01 0001 0000 ó6 ìåæñ.ÁÏ
01 0000 00000 0000 00 1001 0010 Ð9
0001
0010 00000 0011 00 1011 0100 ó1 Ð11
0011 00000 1000 10 0000 0000 ó10 îñòàíîâ
0100 01100 0001 00 1010 0110 ÌÊ(1,2), ó2 Ð10
0101 10000 0001 00 1010 0110 ÌÊ(0), ó2 Ð10
0110 00000 0100 00 0111 1000 ó7 Ð15
0111 00000 0000 00 0111 1000 Ð15
1000 00000 0110 00 0100 1010 ó9 Ð4
1001 00000 0000 00 1100 1100 Ð12
1010 00000 0000 00 0000 0010 ÁÏ
1011 00000 0000 00 0011 1100 P3
1100 00000 1001 01 0010 0001 y12 ìåæñ.ÁÏ
1101 00000 0000 00 0001 1110 P1
1110 10000 0001 01 0010 0000 ÌÊ(0),ó2 ìåæñ.ÁÏ
1111 01100 0001 01 0010 0000 ÌÊ(1,2),ó2 ìåæñ.ÁÏ
10 0000 00000 0000 00 0111 0010 Ð7
0001 00000 0111 00 1000 1000 ó5, ó2 Ð8
0010 00000 0000 00 1000 0100 Ð8
0011 00000 01 0001 1100 ó ìåæñ.ÁÏ
0100 00000 0000 01 0001 1100 ìåæñ.ÁÏ
0101 00000 0000 00 0001 0110 Ð1
0110 01100 0001 01 0001 1100 ÌÊ(1,2),ó2 ìåæñ.ÁÏ
0111 10000 0001 01 0001 1100 ÌÊ(0),ó2 ìåæñ.ÁÏ
1000 00000 0000 00 0001 1010 Ð1
1001 00000 0000 00 1101 1010 Ð13
1010 00000 0000 00 1000 1100 Ð8
1011 00010 0001 00 1000 1100 ÌÊ(3), ó2 Ð8
1100 00000 1001 10 0000 0000 ó12 îñòàíîâ
1101 00000 0000 00 0001 1110 Ð1
1110 00000 1001 10 0000 0000 ó12 îñòàíîâ
1111 00000 0000 01 0011 0000 ìåæñ.ÁÏ
11 0000 00000 0000 00 0011 0010 Ð3
0001
0010 00000 1001 10 0000 0000 ó12 îñòàíîâ
0011 00000 1000 10 0000 0000 ó10 îñòàíîâ

                                     Ëèòåðàòóðà

1. Êóðñ ëåêöèé ïî ïðåäìåòó “Ïðîöåññîðû”

2. Êàðöåâ Ì.À. Àðèôìåòèêà öèôðîâûõ ìàøèí. Ì. “Íàóêà” 1969

3. Øèëî Â.Ë. Ïîïóëÿðíûå öèôðîâûå ìèêðîñõåìû. Ì. “Ðàäèî è ñâÿçü”

                       Ñïåöèôèêàöèÿ

           

¹ Îáîçíà÷åíèå Êîë. Àäðåñ
1 Ê155ËÈ4 1 DD1
2 Ê155ËÈ6 1 DD2
3 Ê155ËË1 1 DD3
4 Ê155ÒÂ9 2 DD4, DD5
5 Ê155ÒÌ8 2 DD6, DD7
6 Ê556ÐÒ4 5 DD8 - DD12
7 Ê155ÈÏ5 2 DD13, DD14
8 Ê155ËÏ5 1 DD15
9 Ê155ÊÏ1 1 DD16
10 Ê155ËÈ1 1 DD17
11 Ê155ÈÄ3 1 DD18
12 Ê155ËÍ1 2 DD19, DD20

                              


Åùå èç ðàçäåëà Êîìïüþòåðíûå íàóêè:


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