Ñîöèîëîãèÿ: Òåîðèÿ îáùåñòâà. Îñíîâíûå ïîëîæåíèÿ, Äîêëàä

Òåîðèÿ îáùåñòâà. Îñíîâíûå ïîëîæåíèÿ

À.À. Øàõîâ


1. Ñîâðåìåííîå èíäóñòðèàëüíîå ðàçâèòèå îáùåñòâà èñ÷åðïûâàåò ñâîè ïðîãðåññèâíûå âîçìîæíîñòè è ïðèõîäèò áîëåå ïðîãðåññèâíàÿ, ïî ñóòè, èíòåëëåêòóàëüíàÿ ýïîõà. Äëÿ ïðàêòè÷åñêîé ðåàëèçàöèè íîâûõ îòêðûâàþùèõñÿ âîçìîæíîñòåé íåîáõîäèìà òîðèÿ îáùåñòâà, êîòîðàÿ ðàçðàáàòûâàåòñÿ íà îñíîâå òåîðåòèêèòåîðåòè÷åñêîãî îáîñíîâàíèÿ ïîñòðîåíèÿ òåîðèé íà àêñèîìàòè÷åñêîé ëîãèêå îñíîâàíèé ÿçûêà îñìûñëåííîãî îïèñàíèÿ ôàêòîâ, ìåòðîëîãèè ïàðàìåòðè÷åñêîãî ìîäåëèðîâàíèÿ çàêîíîìåðíîñòåé è ìàòåìàòèêè ðàñ÷åòà êîëè÷åñòâåííûõ âûâîäîâ. (Ïðåïðèíò: Øàõîâ À.À. ÒÅÎÐÅÒÈÊÀ. Ââåäåíèå. – Ì.; Êîìïàíèÿ Ñïóòíèê+, 2007.). Òåîðèÿ îáùåñòâà ðàçðàáàòûâàåòñÿ êàê ìîíîãðàôè÷åñêàÿ ïîñòàíîâêà ñèñòåìû îñíîâíûõ ïîëîæåíèé îáùåñòâîâåäåíèÿ, ãäå êàæäîìó óäåëÿåòñÿ âíèìàíèå â ìåðó çíà÷èìîñòè äëÿ îñâåùåíèÿ ñîöèàëüíîé äåéñòâèòåëüíîñòè ñ åäèíûõ ìåòîäîëîãè÷åñêèõ ïîçèöèé êîíòèíóàëüíîé êîíöåïöèè òåîðåòèêè (Ðèñ. 1), èñõîäÿ èç ëîãèêè àêñèîìàòè÷åñêîãî ïðåäñòàâëåíèÿ ðåàëüíîñòè êàê èçìåíåíèÿ ñâÿçàííûõ îáúåêòîâ, êîìïëåêñíî ïðåäñòàâëÿþùèõ ëþáîå ðàññìàòðèâàåìîå ÿâëåíèå êàê ñèñòåìó, ñîñòîÿùóþ èç îïðåäåëåííûõ ýëåìåíòîâ è ôóíêöèîíèðóþùóþ â îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäå, ÷òî ïîçâîëÿåò îòðàçèòü ñïåöèôè÷åñêóþ òðèàäíîñòü ñîöèàëüíîé äåéñòâèòåëüíîñòè êàê åñòåñòâåííî ôóíêöèîíèðóþùåé, ñàìîóïðàâëÿåìîé è îáùåñòâåííî êîíòðîëèðóåìîé ñèñòåìû íîðìàëüíîãî îáùåñòâà ïðè êîîðäèíàöèè èõ ðîëè ñóäåáíîé ñèñòåìîé.

2. Òåîðåòè÷åñêîå îáîñíîâàíèå ôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ îáùåñòâà êàê åñòåñòâåííîé ñèñòåìû îñâåùàåòñÿ ôåíîìåíîëîãè÷åñêè â ðàçðåçå èñòîðè÷åñêîãî ïîýòàïíîãî ðàçâèòèÿ, èåðàðõè÷åñêîé ìíîãîóðîâíåâîé îðãàíèçàöèè è ýêîíîìè÷åñêîé ñïåöèàëèçàöèè, ÷òî äàåò âîçìîæíîñòü âûÿâèòü ñèñòåìó îáúåêòèâíûõ çàêîíîìåðíîñòåé æèçíåäåÿòåëüíîñòè îáùåñòâà è ïðåäëîæèòü èíâàðèàíòíûé ñïîñîá îöåíêè äîñòèãíóòûõ ðåçóëüòàòîâ ñ ó÷åòîì èìåþùèõñÿ âîçìîæíîñòåé. Ãðàæäàíñòâî êàê ñèñòåìà âèäîâ äåÿòåëüíîñòè ïðèâåäåíà íà ðèñ. 2. Ýëåìåíòàðíûì îáúåêòîì îáùåñòâà êàê ñèñòåìû, ôóíêöèîíèðóþùåãî â ñðåäå ñîöèóìà ÿâëÿåòñÿ êîëëåêòèâ. Ãðàôè÷åñêîå îòîáðàæåíèå èñòîðè÷åñêîãî ðàçâèòèÿ îáùåñòâà “ïî îãèáàþùåé êðèâîé” ïðèâåäåíî íà ðèñ. 3; ïîäîáíûå ñõåìû îðãàíèçàöèîííîãî óñòðîéñòâà îïèñûâàþòñÿ ýêñïîíåíöèàëüíûìè çàâèñèìîñòÿìè, à ðàçíîîáðàçèå ñïåöèàëèçèðîâàííûõ ñôåð äåÿòåëüíîñòè ïîä÷èíÿåòñÿ çàêîíó íîðìàëüíîãî ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ. Ãðàæäàíñòâî êàê îñíîâíîé îáùåñòâåííûé èíñòèòóò óñïåøíî äåéñòâóåò è ïî íàðîäíîìó ïðèíöèïó, íî öåëåñîîáðàçíî åãî îðãàíèçîâàòü è êàê âëàñòíûé îðãàí – Ñîâåò ãðàæäàíñòâà.

3. Èññëåäîâàíèå âîïðîñîâ ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî óïðàâëåíèÿ îòðàæàåò ìåòîäîëîãè÷åñêèé àñïåêò òåîðèè îáùåñòâà, ãäå îáîñíîâûâàåòñÿ, êàê ïðàâèòåëüñòâîì ïîñðåäñòâîì ðóêîâîäñòâà ðàçâèòèåì, ñóáîðäèíàöèè óðîâíåé îðãàíèçàöèè è êîîðäèíàöèè ñïåöèàëèçèðîâàííûõ çâåíüåâ îñóùåñòâëÿåòñÿ àêòèâíàÿ ïîëèòèêà îáùåñòâà, è ïðåäëàãàåòñÿ ñïîñîá êîëè÷åñòâåííîé îöåíêè ïðèîðèòåòíîñòè íàìå÷àåìûõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé. Ñèñòåìà ôóíêöèé óïðàâëåíèÿ ïðîâåäåíèåì íà ðèñ. 4. Ïðèìåð ðàñ÷åòà ñèñòåìíûõ ïîêàçàòåëåé ïî âèäàì ñîöèàëüíûõ èíñòèòóòîâ ïðèâåäåí â òàáëèöå 1 «Ðàñ÷åò ïðèîðèòåòíîñòè óïðàâëåí÷åñêèõ ðåøåíèé»; ïîäîáíî ðàññ÷èòûâàþòñÿ ýêîíîìè÷åñêàÿ ýôôåêòèâíîñòü ãðàæäàíñêîé æèçíåäåÿòåëüíîñòè è ñîöèàëüíàÿ ñïðàâåäëèâîñòü óñòàíàâëèâàåìûõ ïðåäñòàâèòåëüñòâîì íîðì ïîâåäåíèÿ. Ñîâðåìåííîå îáùåñòâî ñðàâíèòåëüíî ìîëîäîå îáðàçîâàíèå è â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ èìåþòñÿ çàìåòíûå íåäîñòàòêè îñîáåííî â îáëàñòè óïðàâëåíèÿ ïåðñïåêòèâíûì ðàçâèòèåì.

4. Îáùåñòâåííûé êîíòðîëü ðàñêðûâàåòñÿ êàê ôîðìèðîâàíèå ïðåäñòàâèòåëüñòâà, îñóùåñòâëÿþùåãî ðåãëàìåíòèðîâàíèå òåìïîâ ðàçâèòèÿ, ðàíæèðîâàíèå îðãàíèçàöèîííîãî óñòðîéñòâà è ðåãóëèðîâàíèÿ âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ ñïåöèàëèçèðîâàííûõ ñîñòàâëÿþùèõ îáùåñòâà, à â ðåçóëüòàòå âûðàáàòûâàåòñÿ èäåîëîãèÿ îáùåñòâà ñ ïðåäëîæåíèåì ñïîñîáà êîëè÷åñòâåííîé îöåíêè ñïðàâåäëèâîñòè. Ñèñòåìà íåîáõîäèìûõ â îáùåñòâå íîðì ïîâåäåíèÿ îòðàæåíà íà ðèñ. 5, à ñïîñîá èõ ôîðìèðîâàíèÿ ïðèâåäåí íà ðèñ. 6. Òàêèì æå îáðàçîì îïèñûâàåòñÿ ïîëèòèêà êàê îáëàñòü äîïóñòèìîãî èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ ñðåäñòâ äëÿ äîñòèæåíèÿ öåëåé â äàííûõ îáñòîÿòåëüñòâàõ è ýêîíîìèêà – îáëàñòü ýôôåêòèâíîãî èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ ðåñóðñîâ èìåþùåãîñÿ ïîòåíöèàëà äëÿ ïîëó÷åíèÿ ðåçóëüòàòà ñ ïðèáûëüþ íà èííîâàöèè. Ñèñòåìà îáùåñòâåííîãî êîíòðîëÿ òîëüêî ôîðìèðóåòñÿ â èíäóñòðèàëüíóþ ýïîõó è â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ èìåþòñÿ ÿâíî âûðàæåííûå äèñïðîïîðöèè â ñî÷åòàíèè ïàðòèéíîãî, ïðîôåññèîíàëüíîãî è ýòíè÷åñêîãî ïðåäñòàâèòåëüñòâà ñ ÷ðåçìåðíûì äîìèíèðîâàíèåì îäíîãî èç íèõ â ðàçëè÷íûõ öèâèëèçàöèÿõ, ôàêòè÷åñêè èãíîðèðóÿ äðóãèå åñòåñòâåííî íåîáõîäèìûå ïðåäñòàâèòåëüíûå ñèëû.

5. Êîíòèíóàëüíàÿ êîíöåïöèÿ òåîðèè îáùåñòâà â öåëîì ïîçâîëÿåò îáîñíîâàòü ñòðóêòóðíî-ôóíêöèîíàëüíóþ ñõåìó íåîáõîäèìûõ è äîñòàòî÷íûõ ñîöèàëüíûõ èíñòèòóòîâ íîðìàëüíîãî îáùåñòâà. ( Òàáëèöà ¹ 2).  çàâèñèìîñòè îò äîìèíèðîâàíèÿ ñòðóêòóðíûõ ñîñòàâëÿþùèõ èëè ôóíêöèîíàëüíîãî ïðåîáëàäàíèÿ îäíîãî èç ýòèõ èíñòèòóòîâ âîçìîæíî òåîðåòè÷åñêîå ïîñòðîåíèå ëþáîãî òèïà ðåàëüíî ñóùåñòâóþùåé ñîöèàëüíîé ñèñòåìû: ãðàæäàíñêîå, ïðåçèäåíòñêîå èëè ïàðëàìåíòñêîå îáùåñòâî ñ ïàðòèéíûìè, ïàòðèàðõàëüíûìè èëè êîðïîðàòèâíûìè ïðåäïî÷òåíèÿìè, êîòîðûå íàáëþäàþòñÿ â ïîëíîì ðàçíîîáðàçèè ñòðàí ñîöèóìà â öåëîì. Ñóä êàê âåðõîâíûé ñîöèàëüíûé èíñòèòóò îáùåñòâà íîâîé èíòåëëåêòóàëüíîé ýïîõè, ñ ïîëíîé ñèñòåìîé ñîâåùàòåëüíûõ îðãàíîâ èäåîëîãè÷åñêîãî, ïîëèòè÷åñêîãî è ýêîíîìè÷åñêîãî õàðàêòåðà è ñîãëàñóþùèé âñå âëàñòíûå îðãàíû ïîñðåäñòâîì àäâîêàòóðû, ïðîêóðàòóðû è íîòàðèàòà ñòàíåò äåéñòâåííûì èíñòðóìåíòîì ñîöèàëüíîãî îòáîðà, ïðåâðàùàÿñü âî âñåñóùèé èíñòèòóò íå òîëüêî îñóæäåíèÿ íî, ãëàâíûì îáðàçîì, ïðèñóæäåíèÿ ïðàâ äîêàçàâøèì ñïîñîáíîñòü èñïîëíåíèÿ ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèõ îáÿçàííîñòåé.

6. Îáúåêòèâíàÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ñîñòîÿíèÿ îáùåñòâà, íåîáõîäèìàÿ äëÿ îöåíêè íîðìàëüíîé ïðàêòè÷åñêîé æèçíåäåÿòåëüíîñòè, ðàçðàáîòêè ïðîãðàìì ðàçâèòèÿ è íîðìèðîâàíèÿ ôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ, îáåñïå÷èâàþùèå åãî ðàöèîíàëüíîå êîíñòèòóöèîííîå óñòðîéñòâî, âîçìîæíû íà îñíîâå îöåíî÷íîãî êîíòèíóóìà (Ðèñ. 7) ïî ïàðàìåòðàì ýêîíîìè÷åñêîãî óêëàäà (ñîçèäàòåëüíîñòü), ïîëèòè÷åñêîãî ðåæèìà (ñòðîãîñòü) è èäåîëîãè÷åñêîãî ñòðîÿ (íîâèçíà). Öåíòð îöåíî÷íîãî êîíòèíóóìà îòðàæàåò îñíîâíîå ñîñòîÿíèå îáùåñòâà ê êîòîðîìó öåëåñîîáðàçíî ïîñòîÿííî ñòðåìèòñÿ, íèêîãäà åãî íå äîñòèãàÿ. Ðåàëüíî æå âñåãäà áóäóò åñòåñòâåííûå îòêëîíåíèÿ îò öåíòðà, âûçâàííûå âíåøíèìè îáñòîÿòåëüñòâàìè èëè âíóòðåííèì ñîñòîÿíèåì è ëèøü çàïðåäåëüíûå êðàéíîñòè îïàñíû äëÿ îáùåñòâà.  ïðåäåëàõ íîðìû ñîîòíîøåíèå êîëè÷åñòâåííûõ îöåíîê äèíàìèêè, îðãàíèçàöèè è ñòðóêòóðû îáùåñòâà âñåãäà îáðàçóþò Const, îòðàæàÿ ïîñòîÿíñòâî ëþáîãî îáùåñòâà êàê òàêîâîãî íåçàâèñèìî îò âñåâîçìîæíûõ èçìåíåíèé åãî îòäåëüíûõ õàðàêòåðèñòèê. Òàê äåìîêðàòè÷åñêèå îáùåñòâà õàðàêòåðèçóþòñÿ êîíñåðâàòèçìîì ñòðîÿ è ïîòðåáèòåëüñêèì óêëàäîì, à ïðîãðåññèâíûå îáùåñòâà ïðîèçâîäñòâåííûì óêëîíîì è áîëåå ñòðîãèì ðåæèìîì.

7. Ðåàëèçàöèÿ ïðåäëàãàåìîé òåîðåòè÷åñêîé êîíöåïöèè â ïîëíîì îáúåìå âîçìîæíà â óñëîâèÿõ íîâîé èíòåëëåêòóàëüíîé ýïîõè, êîòîðàÿ áóäåò áàçèðîâàòüñÿ ýêîíîìè÷åñêè íà èíôîðìàöèîííûõ òåõíîëîãèÿõ, ïîëèòè÷åñêè - íà ñîþçíîé îðãàíèçàöèè, èäåîëîãè÷åñêè – íà òåîðåòè÷åñêîì îáîñíîâàíèè íîâîââåäåíèé. Îñíîâíûå ïîëîæåíèÿ îòðàæåíû â ïðåïðèíòå: Øàõîâ À.À. ÒÅÎÐÈß ÎÁÙÅÑÒÂÀ. Êîíòèíóàëüíàÿ êîíöåïöèÿ. – Ì.; Êîìïàíèÿ Ñïóòíèê+, 2007. Ïðåäëàãàåìûå îñíîâíûå ïîëîæåíèÿ ðàññ÷èòàíû íà âñåõ èíòåðåñóþùèõñÿ ïðîáëåìàìè îáùåñòâîâåäåíèÿ, à ïðàêòè÷åñêàÿ ðåàëèçàöèÿ íîâîââåäåíèé âîçìîæíà ïðîãðåññèâíûìè ïîëèòèêàìè, ýêîíîìèñòàìè, èäåîëîãàìè íà áëàãî ñâîåé ñòðàíû, íå îãðàíè÷èâàþùèìèñÿ òîëüêî ðåôîðìàöèåé èíäóñòðèàëüíîãî îáùåñòâà, ïðè÷åì ïåðâîñòåïåííîå çíà÷åíèå èìååò ïîäãîòîâêà ñïåöèàëèñòîâ, ñïîñîáíûõ îñóùåñòâëÿòü òåîðåòè÷åñêèå îáîñíîâàíèÿ ÿâëåíèé ðåàëüíîñòè.

Ïðèìå÷àíèÿ:

 

Òåîðåòè÷åñêîå îáîñíîâàíèå – âûñøåå äîñòèæåíèå òåîðåòè÷åñêîãî îòîáðàæåíèÿ ðåàëüíîñòè â çàâèñèìîñòè îò ñòåïåíè óïîðÿäî÷åíèÿ ñôîðìóëèðîâàííûõ ïðåäñòàâëåíèé:

-ãðàôèÿ – îòäåëüíûå íåóïîðÿäî÷åííûå, õàîòè÷åñêèå ñâåäåíèÿ î ðåàëüíîñòè, âûðàæåííûå âåðáàëüíî (ïðåäïîëîæåíèÿ);

-ëîãèÿ – íåêîòîðàÿ ïàðàìåòðè÷åñêàÿ ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòü äàííûõ î ÿâëåíèè (ãèïîòåçà);

-íîìèÿ – çàêîíîìåðíîå ñî÷åòàíèå îòäåëüíûõ ïàðàìåòðè÷åñêèõ îöåíîê ÿâëåíèÿ (äîêàçàòåëüñòâî);

-òåîðèÿ – îòíîñèòåëüíî ïîëíîå óïîðÿäî÷åííîå ïðåäñòàâëåíèå î ÿâëåíèè íà îñíîâå ìàòåìàòè÷åñêèõ ðàñ÷åòîâ Const.

Íîâàöèÿ – êà÷åñòâåííîå ïðåîáðàçîâàíèå ÿâëåíèÿ â ïðîöåññå ðàçâèòèÿ, êîãäà ïðåäøåñòâóþùèå êîëè÷åñòâåííûå íàêîïëåíèÿ ïîëîæèòåëüíûõ äîñòèæåíèé îáíîâëåíèÿ ïîçâîëÿþò ïåðåéòè íà íîâûé óðîâåíü èçìåíåíèÿ; áèôóðêàöèÿ, ðàñõîæäåíèå ïî äâóì âîçìîæíûì àòòðàêòîðàì: òðàäèöèîííîìó è ñ âûõîäîì íà íîâûé óðîâåíü ðàçâèòèÿ.

Èíòåëëåêòóàëüíàÿ ýïîõà – î÷åðåäíàÿ ýïîõà ïîýòàïíîãî ñîöèàëüíîãî ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ ïîñëå èíäóñòðèàëüíîé, õàðàêòåðèçóþùàÿñÿ îïåðåæàþùèì ðàçâèòèåì ïåðåäîâûõ ñòðàí ñ ïîñëåäóþùèì îáúåäèíåíèåì íà îñíîâå ñâîèõ äîñòèæåíèé äðóãèõ îêðóæàþùèõ â îáùåñòâî áîëåå âûñîêîãî óðîâíÿ ñîöèàëüíîé îðãàíèçàöèè:

èäåîëîãè÷åñêè – òåîðåòè÷åñêèå îáîñíîâàíèÿ, îòêðûâàþùèå ñåðèþ íàó÷íûõ îòêðûòèé;

ïîëèòè÷åñêè – ñîþçíàÿ îðãàíèçàöèÿ, èñêëþ÷àþùàÿ ðåñïóáëèêàíñêóþ ðàçäðîáëåííîñòü;

ýêîíîìè÷åñêè – àâòîìàòèçàöèÿ íà îñíîâå èíôîðìàöèîííûõ òåõíîëîãèé.

Íåîáõîäèì èíòåëëåêòóàëüíûé ñäâèã îò ñîâðåìåííîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ îáùåñòâà â ñòîðîíó:

- ïðîãðåññèâíîãî ðåôîðìèçìà â ðàçâèòèè ïóòåì ñòðåìëåíèÿ ê ïåðåäîâûì, âûñîêîíðàâñòâåííûì öåííîñòÿì;

- öåíòðàëèçîâàííîãî íàïðàâëåíèå íà óïîðÿäî÷åíèå îðãàíèçàöèè îáùåñòâà íà êîëëåêòèâèñòêîé îñíîâå;

- èíòåíñèôèêàöèè õîçÿéñòâåííîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè íà îñíîâå ïðîèçâîäñòâåííîãî óêëîíà, çà ñ÷åò ñðåäñòâ àâòîìàòèçàöèè è íîâûõ òåõíîëîãèé,

 

Íîðìàëüíîå îáùåñòâî

 íîðìàëüíîì îáùåñòâå äîïóñòèìû êîëåáàíèÿ èäåîëîãè÷åñêîé ïåðñïåêòèâíîé îðèåíòàöèè ñòðîÿ îáùåñòâà îò òðàäèöèîííî-êîíñåðâàòèâíîãî äî ïðîãðåññèâíî-ðåôîðìèñòêîãî, ñòðîãîñòè ïîëèòè÷åñêîãî ðåæèìà îò öåíòðàëèçîâàííîé àðèñòîêðàòèè, êîãäà íàäî êîíöåíòðèðîâàòüñÿ íà ðåøåíèè íåîòëîæíûõ ïðîáëåì, äî èíäèâèäóàëèñòêîé äåìîêðàòèè, åñëè èìåþòñÿ âîçìîæíîñòè ðàññëàáèòñÿ, è ñêëîííîñòè ýêîíîìè÷åñêîãî óêëàäà îò ïîòðåáèòåëüñêîãî äî ïðîèçâîäñòâåííîãî, ÷òî ñîãëàñóåòñÿ ñ õàðàêòåðîì ïåðåæèâàåìîé ýïîõè, ñòàäèÿìè ðàçâèòèÿ ðàññìàòðèâàåìîãî îáùåñòâà.

Îòêëîíåíèÿ â îáëàñòü ÷ðåçâû÷àéíûõ êðàéíîñòåé ïðèâîäèò ê óñòðàíåíèþ êîíêðåòíîãî îáùåñòâà èç äàëüíåéøåãî ðàçâèòèÿ â ñðåäå ïðîãðåññèâíî ðàçâèâàþùåãîñÿ ñîöèóìà.

Îïèñàíèå: Òîëþí÷èêó 2

 


                                                                                                                     Èåðàðõè÷åñêàÿ

                      ÑÎÖÈÓÌ                                                                            ÎÐÃÀÍÈÇÀÖÈß

                                                                                                                                                                                         Ñûðüåâûå

                                                                                   Öèâèëèçàöèè                

                                         ÎÁÙÅÑÒÂΠ                                ñòðàíû

                                                                                        Íà÷àëüñòâî                                                                                         (ïîñòàâùèêè)                                                                                                                                                                          

                                                                                     (îáùåñòâåííîå)                          Îáåñïå÷åíèå

                                                                                                                                               óñëóã

                                                                                  ÊÎËËÅÊÒÈ                                                               

               Ðàçâèâàþùèåñÿ                                                                                                                                              Ïåðåäîâûå

              ñòðàíû                           Âîñïðîèçâîäñòâî                                                 Ñîçèäàíèå                                ñòðàíû

             (âëåêîìûå)                        òðàäèöèîííîãî                                                     íîâîãî                                    (âåäóùèå)

                                                                                                                                                                                               Ïîýòàïíîå

                                                                        Ïðîèçâîäñòâî                                                                                               ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈÅ

                                                                        òîâàðîâ                             Íàðîä                                                                  ïîêîëåíèÿ

                          Òîâàðíûå                                                                        (ëè÷íîå)

                             ñòðàíû                                                                                                                    Îáùíîñòè

                       (èíâåñòîðû)                                                                                                              Âëàäåíèÿ

                 Ñòðóêòóðíàÿ

                 ÑÏÅÖÈÀËÈÇÀÖÈß                          

                  Ñôåðû                                                     Ðåñïóáëèêè                                                           

                                                                                                                                                                            Âèäû äåÿòåëüíîñòè Ðèñ.2. ÃÐÀÆÄÀÍÑÒÂÎ


                                                                                                                    ÑÓÁÎÐÄÈÍÀÖÈß

                                                                                                                    Ñèëîâàÿ

           ÑÒÐÀÒÅÃÈ×ÅÑÊÎÅ                                          Îáùèå             ïðèêàçû

          ÓÏÐÀÂËÅÍÈÅ                                                       óñëîâèÿ

                                                                                                                                                                           Èìïîðò

                                                                                                                                                     (ïðîòåêöèîíèçì)

                              ÒÀÊÒÈ×ÅÑÊÎÅ

                              ÓÏÐÀÂËÅÍÈÅ                                   Óêàçû

                                                                                                                                           Ðàñõîäû

                                                                                                                                      ïîòðåáèòåëüñêèå

                                                                             ÎÏÅÐÀÒÈÂÍÎÅ

                                                                             ÓÏÐÀÂËÅÍÈÅ                                                                             Ïåðñïåêòèâíàÿ

                  Òðàäèöèè                        Ñòàòèñòèêà                                                      Ïðîãðàììû                           îðèåíòàöèÿ

                  (ìîðàëüíàÿ                        àíàëèç                                                              ðàçðàáîòêà

                     îïîðà)                                                                                                                                                     ÐÓÊÎÂÎÄÑÒÂÎ

                                                                              Äîõîäû                                                                                          Èíôîðìàöèîííîå

                                                                  Ïðîèçâîäñòâåííûå                                                                                          ïëàíû

                                                                   Ðàñïîðÿæåíèÿ

                                                                                                                                                    Ìèíèñòåðñòâà

          ÊÎÎÐÄÈÍÀÖÈß                                                                                                          âåäîìñòâà

         Ôèíàíñîâàÿ                     Ýêñïîðò

         Äåíüãè                                                                                            Íàðîäíàÿ                       

                                                                                                ïîääåðæêà                              Ôóíêöèè óïðàâëåíèÿ Ðèñ.4. ÏÐÀÂÈÒÅËÜÑÒÂÎ

 


 

ÐÀÑ×ÅÒ ÐÈÎÐÈÒÅÒÍÎÑÒÈ ÓÏÐÀÂËÅÍ×ÅÑÊÈÕ ÐÅØÅÍÈÉ Òàáëèöà ¹ 1

ÔÀÊÒÎÐÛ

ÏÎÊÀÇÀÒÅËÈ

 ÂÐÅÌÅÍÍÛÅ

Ïëàíîâîå

ðóêîâîäñòâî

ÎÐÃÀÍÈÇÀÖÈÎÍÍÛÅ

Ñèëîâàÿ

ñóáîðäèíàöèÿ

ÑÒÐÓÊÒÓÐÍÛÅ

Ôèíàíñîâàÿ

êîîðäèíàöèÿ

ÊÎÌÏËÅÊÑÍÀß

ÎÖÅÍÊÀ

ïîëèòèêà

ÎÁÑÒÎßÒÅËÜÑÒÂÀ

óñëîâèÿ

ÏÐÎÃÐÅÑÈÂÍÎÑÒÜ ÑÏÎÑÎÁÑÒÂÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÎÁÅÑÏÅ×ÅÍÍÎÑÒÜ

ÁËÀÃÎÏÐÈßÒÑÒÂÎ-

ÂÀÍÈÅ

ÂÎÇÌÎÆÍÎÑÒÈ

ñðåäñòâà

ÏÐÎÐÀÁÎÒÀÍÍÎÑÒÜ

ÒÐÅÁÓÅÌÀß

ÎÑÍÀÙÅÍÍÎÑÒÜ

ÈÌÅÞÙÈÅÑß

ÌÎÙÍÎÑÒÈ

ÎÑÓÙÅÑÒÂÈ-

ÌÎÑÒÜ

ÏÎÒÐÅÁÍÎÑÒÈ

öåëè

ÑÂÎÅÂÐÅÌÅÍÍÎÑÒÜ ÍÅÎÁÕÎÄÈÌÎÑÒÜ

ØÈÐÎÒÀ

ÑÏÐÎÑÀ

ÐÅÀËÈÇÓÅÌÎÑÒÜ

ÑÈÌÏËÅÊÑÛ

ÎÖÅÍÎÊ

ÏÐÈÎÐÈÒÅÒÍÎÑÒÈ

ÏÅÐÑÏÅÊÒÈÂÍÎÑÒÜ ÂÀÆÍÎÑÒÜ ÌÀÑØÒÀÁÍÎÑÒÜ

ÏÐÈÎÐÈÒÅÒÍÎÑÒÜ

Á * Î * Ð

Ï * Â * Ì = Const


                                                                                                         ÐÀÍÆÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ

                                                                                                         ÖÅÍÇÛ

                                                                                      Îáùåå        Ïàðòèè

      ÌÅÆÄÓÍÀÐÎÄÍÛ

     ÏÐÈÍÖÈÏÛ                                                                                                                            Ïîòðåáèòåëüñêèå

                                                                                                                                                       (ðåñóðñíûå)

                ÃÎÑÓÄÀÐÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÅ

                ÇÀÊÎÍÛ                                               Þðèñäèêöèÿ

                                                                                îáùåñòâà                              Íîðìû

                                                                                                                                Îáåñïå÷åíèÿ

                                                                    ÃÐÀÆÄÀÍÑÊÈÅ

                                                                   ÏÐÀÂÀ

      Òðàäèöèîííûå                   Íîðìû                                                                   Íîðìû                                  Ïåðñïåêòèâíûå

 


                                           îõðàíåíèÿ                                                               èçìåíåíèÿ                 ÐÅÃËÀÌÅÍÒÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ

                                                                                                                                                                              ÖÅËÈ

                                                                        Íîðìû                  Þðèñäèêöèÿ                                                  Ñòàðåéøèíû

                                                               ïðîèçâîäñòâà               êîëëåêòèâà

                                                                                                                                                 Êîìèòåòû

             ÐÅÃÓËÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ                                                                                               êîìèññèè

             ÖÅÍÛ

             Ïðîôñîþçû       Ïðîèçâîäñòâåííûå

                                                 ïîñòàâêè                                     ×àñòíûå                       

                                                                                                                                                          Íîðìû ôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ

Ðèñ. 5. ÏÐÅÄÑÒÀÂÈÒÅËÜÑÒÂÎ


                                                                                                           ÏÎÐßÄÎÊ

                                                                                                           ÎÐÃÀÍÈÇÀÖÈÈ

            ÝÊÑÒÐÈÌÀËÜÍÎÅ

                                                                             Âûñîêîìåðèå

                                                                                                                                                        Ýãîèçì

                                                                             Òðåáîâàòåëü-

                                    ÍÎÐÌÀËÜÍÎÅ                       íîñòü

                                                                             íà÷àëüñòâà                              Óìåðåííîñòü

                                                                                                                              â ïîòðåáëåíèè

 

            Òðåáóåìîå                                            ÈÄÅÀËÜÍÎÅ  

            

            Ïåññèìèçì                         Ñîõðàíåíèå                                                    Öåëåñîîáðàçíîñòü                Îïòèìèçì

                                                                                                                                                                                               ÏÐÎÃÐÅÑÑ                 

          Ω             min                             öåííîãî                                opt                  íîâîââåäåíèé           max               ∞     ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß

 

                                                                   Óñåðäèå                                                                                          Æåëàåìîå

                                                        â  ñîçèäàíèè                          Èñïîëíèòåëü-

                                                                                                       íîñòü                              Îáëàñòü

                                                                                                                                   ñîâåðøåíñòâà

                         Àñêåòèçì

                                            ÏÎËÜÇÀ

                                            ÐÀÇÍÎÎÁÐÀÇÈß                           Ðàñïóùåííîñòü

                                                                                                                                                       

Ðèñ. 6. ÈÄÅÎËÎÃÈß           

ÑÒÐÓÊÒÓÐÍÎ-ÔÓÍÊÖÈÎÍÀËÜÍÀß ÑÕÅÌÀ ÍÎÐÌÀËÜÍÎÃÎ ÎÁÙÅÑÒÂÀ Òàáëèöà ¹ 2

 ÅÑÒÅÑÒÂÅÍÍÀß

ÎÑÍÎÂÀ

ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß

ÍÅÎÁÕÎÄÈÌÎÑÒÜ

ÏÐÎÖÅÑÑÛ

ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß

Ïðîøëîå-

áóäóùåå

ÎÐÃÀÍÈÇÀÖÈß

ÎÁÚÅÊÒÎÂ

Âåðõà-

íèçû

ÐÀÇÍÎÎÁÐÀÇÈÅ ÑÂßÇÅÉ

Ïðîèçâîäñòâî-

ïîòðåáëåíèå

ÔÓÍÊÖÈÎÍÈÐÎÂÀ-

ÍÈÅ ÎÁÙÅÑÒÂÀ

Âëàñòíîå

ñîãëàñîâàíèå

ÄÅßÒÅËÜÍÎÑÒÜ

Îáùíîñòè

Êëàññû

Âëàäåíèå

ÈÑÒÎÐÈß

Ðîäíÿ

Ïîêîëåíèÿ

Êóëüòóðà

ÎÐÃÀÍÈÇÀÖÈß

Êëóáû

Ñîñëîâèÿ

Ëþäè

ÑÏÅÖÈÀËÈÇÀÖÈß

Ïðåäïðèÿòèÿ

Ñôåðû

Ñîáñòâåííîñòü

ÃÐÀÆÄÀÍÑÒÂÎ

Ñîáðàíèÿ

Ñîâåòû

Àäâîêàòóðà

ÓÏÐÀÂËÅÍÈÅ

Ðåøåíèÿ

Ïðîãðàììû

Âåëåíèå

ÐÓÊÎÂÎÄÑÒÂÎ

Èíôîðìàöèîííûå

Ïðîïàãàíäà

Ïëàíû

ÑÓÁÎÐÄÈÍÀÖÈß

Ñèëîâûå

Âîîðóæåíèå

Ïðèêàçû

ÊÎÎÐÄÈÍÀÖÈß

Õîçÿéñòâåííûå

Ôèíàíñû

Áþäæåò

ÏÐÀÂÈÒÅËÜÑÒÂÎ

Ìèíèñòåðñòâà

Âåäîìñòâà

Ïðîêóðàòóðà

ÍÎÐÌÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ

Ïðàâà

Îáÿçàííîñòè

Âîëÿ

ÐÅÃËÀÌÅÍÒÈÐÎÂ.

Ñòàðåéøèíû

Öåíçóðà

Öåëè

ÐÀÍÆÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ

Ïàðòèè

Íàäçîð

Öåíçû

ÐÅÃÓËÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ

Ïðîôñîþçû

Ðåâèçèÿ

Öåíû

ÏÐÅÄÑÒÀÂÈÒÅËÜÑ.

Ïàëàòû

Êîìèòåòû

Íîòàðèàò

ÑÓÄ

Ñóäàðè

Ñîâåòíèêè

Ðåøåíèÿ

ÊÓËÜÒÑÎÂÅÒ

Ïî ñòðîþ

Èäåîëîãè

Ìîðàëüíûå

ÑÎÖÑÎÂÅÒ

Ïî ðåæèìó

Ïîëèòèêè

Ïåðñîíàëüíûå

ÕÎÇÑÎÂÅÒ

Ïî óêëàäó

Ýêîíîìèñòû

Ìàòåðèàëüíûå

ÃÎÑÑÎÂÅÒ

Ãîñóäàðü

Ïðèñÿæíûå

Âåðõîâíûå

 

                                                                        Ñàìîäåðæàâèå

          ÍÅÄÎÏÓÑÒÈÌÛÉ                                                            Ïîëèòè÷åñêèé

          ÁÅÑÏÐÅÄÅË                                      Öåíòðàëèñòêàÿ       ÐÅÆÈÌ

                                                                                    ìîíàðõèÿ       (ñòðîãîñòü âåëåíèÿ)                      Íåîáóçäàííîå

                        ×ÅÐÅÇÂÛ×ÀÉÍÛÅ                                                                                       ñòÿæàòåëüñòâî

                        ÊÐÀÉÍÎÑÒÈ

                                                                           Êîëëåãèàëüíàÿ                                                                    Èæäèâåí÷åñêèé

                                       ÍÎÐÌÀËÜÍÎÅ      àðèñòîêðàòèÿ                                                            ïàðàçèòèçì

                                       ÏÎËÎÆÅÍÈÅ

                                                                                                                  Ïîòðåáèòåëüñêèé

                                                                                                                      Óêëîí

          Ðåàêöèîííûé                                    ÎÏÒÈÌÀËÜÍÎÅ                                                                         Ðåâîëþöèîííûé

          äîãìàòèçì        Êîíñåðâàòèâíûé          ÑÎÑÒÎßÍÈÅ                                     Ïðîãðåññèâíûé             àâàíòþðèçì

                                     òðàäèöèîíàëèçì           Ýâîëþöèîííàÿ    Îðãàíèçîâàííàÿ     ðåôîðìèçì

 

Íàñèëüñòâåííîå                                    ñàìîîáåñïå÷èâàþùàÿ  áþðîêðàòèÿ                                                Íåîáîñíîâàííûé

ñäåðæèâàíèå                                                                                                                                                           âîëþíòàðèçì

                                                          Ïðîèçâîäñòâåííûé                                                                               Èäåîëîãè÷åñêèé

                                                          óêëîí                                                                                                                                                     ÑÒÐÎÉ

                                                                                                       Èíäèâèäóàëèñòè÷åñêàÿ                           (íîâèçíà âîëè)

                  Òåõíîêðàòè÷åñêèé                                                     äåìîêðàòèÿ

                  àëüòðóèçì

Íåïîìåðíîå                                                                          

ðàñòî÷èòåëüñòâî         Ýêîíîìè÷åñêèé                                  Ñåïàðàòèñòñêàÿ àíàðõèÿ

                                       ÓÊËÀÄ                                                                                           

                                         (ýôôåêòèâíîñòü âëàäåíèÿ)                  Ñòèõèéíûé áóíò                  

Ðèñ. 7. ÎÖÅÍÎ×ÍÛÉ ÊÎÍÒÈÍÓÓÌ


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